Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management Originator: United States Geological Survey Publication_Date: 20111215 Title: 2011 RIDEM Multispectral Orthophotography of Rhode Island Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Remote-sensing image Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: United States Geological Survey Description: Abstract: This Spring 2011 Rhode Island aerial photography project produced 6" (.15m) GSD multispectral digital orthoimagery for the entire state including the water and islands within Narragansett Bay and Block Island. An orthoimage is remotely sensed image data in which displacement of features in the image caused by terrain relief and sensor orientation have been mathematically removed, thus it combines the image characteristics of a photograph with the geometric qualities of a map. Purpose: The digital orthoimagery is both high resolution and spatially accurate, and can serve as a raster base image for mapping projects as well as a data source to support the derivation of new raster and vector data sets. Supplemental_Information: Digital aerial imagery was obtained in the spring of 2011 using a large format Z/I Digital Mapping Camera system (DMC) equipped with Airborne GPS/IMU. A total of 52 flight lines with 6,072 frames were acquired under a single task order, in multispectral (RGB and NIR) 8 bits per band format. The imagery was acquired with a 4.7244" (120 m/m) focal length at an altitude of 5,000' above mean terrain, to yield a raw pixel resolution of 6" (.15m) suitable for photogrammetric mapping and orthophoto production. The leaf-off imagery was collected in the late spring of 2011 under conditions free from clouds and cloud shadows, smoke, fog, haze, light streaks, snow, ice on water bodies, foliage, flooding, and excessive soil moisture. The sun angle threshold was 35 degrees. The imagery consisted of panchromatic, blue, green, red and near infrared bands. The three color bands and near infrared bands were pan sharpened and archived as frame imagery. All 4 bands were used in the orthophoto production. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20110429 Ending_Date: 20110502 Currentness_Reference: Ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Unknown Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -71.897900 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -71.087988 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.043861 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.123786 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: rectified photograph Theme_Keyword: rectified image Theme_Keyword: orthophoto Theme_Keyword: natural color orthophoto Theme_Keyword: orthoimage Theme_Keyword: image map Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: U.S. Department of Commerce, 1995, Countries, Dependencies, Areas of Special Sovereignty, and Their Principal Administrative Divisions (Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 10-4): Washington, D.C., National Institute of Standards and Technology. Place_Keyword: US Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: U.S. Department of Commerce, 1987, Codes for the Identification of the States, the District of Columbia and the outlying areas of the United States, and associated areas (Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 5-2): Washington, D.C., National Institute of Standards and Technology. Place_Keyword: RI Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Rhode Island Access_Constraints: None. Use_Constraints: These data were created for informational, planning and guidance use only. They are a general reference, not a legally authoritative source for the location of natural or manmade features. Proper interpretation of these data may requre the assistance of appropriate professional services. The cartographic representations depicted have not been verified by a RI Registered Professional Land Surveyor and are not intended to be used in place of a survey. The producer makes no warranty, express or implied, related to the accuracy, reliability, completeness, or currentness of these data. The United States Geological Survey shall not be held liable for any errors in this data. This includes errors of omission, errors of commission, content errors, and relative and positional accuracy errors in the data. This data should not be construed to be a legal document. Primary sources from which this data was compiled must be consulted for verification of information contained in this data. This data is in the public domain, and may not be resold. This dataset is provided 'as is.’ The producer(s) of this dataset, contributors to this dataset, the Rhode Island Geographic Information System (RIGIS) consortium, the State of Rhode Island, and the University of Rhode Island do not make any warranties of any kind for this dataset, and are not liable for any loss or damage however and whenever caused by any use of this dataset. Please acknowledge both RIGIS and the primary producer(s) of this dataset in any derived products. Versions of the RIGIS logo suitable for both printed and web-based products are available at http://www.edc.uri.edu/rigis/logos. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: RI Dept of Environmental Management Contact_Person: Paul Jordan Contact_Position: Supervising GIS Specialist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 235 Promenade Street City: Providence State_or_Province: RI Postal_Code: 02908-5767 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 401-222-2776 x4315 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 401-222-2069 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pjordan@dem.state.ri.us Contact_Instructions: e-mail preferred Data_Set_Credit: Orthophotos were produced for RI Dept of Environmental Management, RI Department of Transportation and USGS by Photo Science under the USGS Geospatial Production and Services Contract, Contract Number G10PC00026, Task Order G11PD00413. Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Radiometry was verified by visual inspection of the digital orthophotos. Slight systematic radiometric differences may exist between adjacent orthoimage files; these are due primarily to differences in source image capture dates and sun angles along flight lines. These differences can be observed in an image's general lightness or darkness when it is compared to adjacent orthoimage file coverages. Tonal balancing was performed over a group of images during the mosaicking process in order to lighten or darken adjacent images for better color tone matching. Logical_Consistency_Report: All GeoTIFF tagged data and image file sizes were validated using commercial GIS software to ensure proper loading before being archived. This validation procedure ensured correct physical format and field values for tagged elements. Seam lines and tile edges were visually inspected. Completeness_Report: Photography was flown in the spring of 2011, under conditions free from clouds and cloud shadows, smoke, haze, light streaks, snow, foliage, flooding, and excessive soil moisture, and when the sun angle was no less than 35 degrees. To ensure complete coverage, photography was collected for all tiles that intersected a 500' buffer around the entire state. Orthoimages were visually inspected for completeness to ensure that no gaps or image misplacements exist within and between adjacent images. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: This 6" Ground Sample Distance (GSD) digital ortho imagery was compiled to meet a 0.76 meter (2.5') horizontal accuracy at 95% confidence level(0.44-meters Root Mean Squared (RMSE) Error XY (0.31 meter RMSE X or Y) based on NSSDA testing guidelines. This accuracy requirement is not applicable in areas where the ground is obscured on the aerial imagery by foliage, prevalent smoke, or dense shadow. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: There is no vertical component for orthophotos. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Photo Science Publication_Date: Unpublished material Title: Raw Aerial Imagery Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Remote-sensing image Publication_Information: Publication_Place: None Publisher: None Type_of_Source_Media: External Hard Drive Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Multiple_Dates/Times: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20110429 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20110501 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20110502 Source_Currentness_Reference: Ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: IMG1 Source_Contribution: The digital aerial imagery was obtained using a large format Zeiss/Intergraph Digital Mapping Camera (DMC). Aerial imagery was supplemented with the simultaneous acquisition of airborne GPS/IMU data, which captured the ground coordinate for the nadir point of each photograph. Aerial imagery was exposed at an altitude of 5,000' above mean terrain yielding an approximate GSD of 6 inches. A minimum of 60% forward gain and 30% sidelap was collected to ensure full stereo coverage. The aerial images are used in the production of orthophotos. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Photo Science Publication_Date: Unpublished material Title: Georeferenced Aerial Imagery Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Remote-sensing image Publication_Information: Publication_Place: None Publisher: None Type_of_Source_Media: External Hard Drive Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2011 Source_Currentness_Reference: Ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: CONT Source_Contribution: Targeted ground control was collected for use in the Aerotriangulation process. Eighty Eight (88) photo identifiable ground control points were selected and surveyed to adequately cover the entire state. Details of each point can be found in the full control report. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Photo Science Publication_Date: Unknown Title: LiDAR_DEM Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Vector digital data Publication_Information: Publication_Place: None Publisher: None Type_of_Source_Media: External Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20110422 Ending_Date: 20110502 Source_Currentness_Reference: Ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: LiDAR_DEM Source_Contribution: Existing LiDAR data from the USGS LIDAR for the NorthEast project which included Rhode Island as well as parts of Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and New York, as part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2010 USGS Contract: G10PC00026 Task Order Number: G10PD02143 Task Order Number: G10PD01027 was utilized as the DEM surface for ortho production. The Rhode Island area was captured utilizing OPTECH 3100 (SN 203) and an OPTECH Gemini (SN 213) laser system which can collect data at laser pulse rates from 100 KHz to 167 KHz, Photo Science flew the project areas at 5,000 feet AGL utilizing a 32 degree full-angle field of view. Flights were accomplished at 120 knots (ground speed) with a pulse rate of 71.429 KHz, collecting four returns per pulse. The scan rate was be set at 35.0 Hz. These settings resulted in a swath of 2860 feet with maximum along track and cross track spacing of 3.02 feet (0.919 meter). - Environmental Acquisition Conditions: Leaf-Off, snow free, non-flood conditions. - The Rhode Island collection was planned for a 15cm RMSE and 1m post spacing. Applanix software was used in the post processing of the airborne GPS and inertial data that is critical to the positioning and orientation of the sensor during all flights. POSPac MMS provides the smoothed best estimate of trajectory (SBET) that is necessary for Optech's post processor to develop the point cloud from the LiDAR missions. The point cloud is the mathematical three dimensional collection of all returns from all laser pulses as determined from the aerial mission. At this point this data is ready for analysis, classification (ASPRS Classes 1,2,7,9,10,12,19), and filtering to generate a bare earth surface model in which the above ground features are removed from the data set. The point cloud was manipulated within the Optech or Leica software; GeoCue, TerraScan, and TerraModeler software was used for the automated data classification, manual cleanup, and bare earth generation from this data. Project specific macros were used to classify the ground and side overlap between parallel flight lines. All data was manually reviewed and any remaining artifacts removed using functionality provided by TerraScan and TerraModeler. The project was tiled adhering to the State of Rhode Island 1,500m x 1,500m UTM z19 tile schema and each tile was saved in LAS format 1.2 including GPS time. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Photo Science Publication_Date: Unknown Title: Exterior Orientation File Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: ASCII Text File Publication_Information: Publication_Place: None Publisher: None Type_of_Source_Media: disc Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2011 Source_Currentness_Reference: Ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: EOFILE Source_Contribution: Exterior Orientation (EO) Parameters (x,y,z,omega,phi,kappa) were produced to provide precise photocenter locations for each frame of imagery. Aerotriangulation was necessary to achieve the accuracy requirements of the project. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Photo Science Publication_Date: Unknown Title: SoftCopy Aerotriangulation Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: ASCII Report File Publication_Information: Publication_Place: None Publisher: None Type_of_Source_Media: disc Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2011 Source_Currentness_Reference: Ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: ATSOL Source_Contribution: SoftCopy Aerotriangulation is a computer process of densifying the ground control network from locations in a few of the digital images to numerous points in each digital image that is to be used in the mapping process. This process is dependent on the location and coordinate positions of the ABGPS and GPS photo control points as well as a precise camera calibration for the DMC camera used to capture the images. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Photo Science Publication_Date: Unknown Title: Tile definition Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Vector digital data Publication_Information: Publication_Place: none Publisher: none Type_of_Source_Media: disc Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2011 Source_Currentness_Reference: Ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: TLDEF Source_Contribution: The tile definition was used to cut orthorectified imagery into manageable, usable images in Rhode Island state plane projection. The state plane deliverables defined by this tile definition reference Rhode Island state plane projection, NAD83, units of survey feet. Each tile is 5000 X 5000 feet. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Photo Science Publication_Date: Unpublished material Title: Stereo Imagery Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Remote-sensing image Publication_Information: Publication_Place: None Publisher: None Type_of_Source_Media: External Hard Drive Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2011 Source_Currentness_Reference: Ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: StereoIMG Source_Contribution: This preliminary delivery of images were the product of the processed stereo imagery frames and the Aerotriangulation solution. Digital imagery was produced in TIF file format, 4-band, 8-bit and delivered to the State as stereo pairs. Socet Set .SUP files were also included in this delivery suitable for use with ERDAS Stereo Analyst Extension for ArcGIS. These files were delivered in Rhode Island State Plane projection for use by the state for any future Photogrammetric needs they may have. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Photo Science Publication_Date: Unpublished material Title: Orthorectified Image Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Remote-sensing image Publication_Information: Publication_Place: None Publisher: None Type_of_Source_Media: disc, DVD or online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2011 Source_Currentness_Reference: Ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: OIMG Source_Contribution: Orthorectified images were geometrically corrected to achieve a uniform scale. Each frame was adjusted for topographic relief, lens distortion and camera tilt. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Photo Science Publication_Date: Unpublished material Title: Tiled Orthophoto Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Remote-sensing image Publication_Information: Publication_Place: None Publisher: None Type_of_Source_Media: disc, DVD or online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2011 Source_Currentness_Reference: Ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: OIMGTILE Source_Contribution: The tiled orthophoto was the result of mosaicking orthorectified imagery and using the tile definition to cut the data into manageable, usable orthophotos. 1,556 UTM ortho tiles for delivery to USGS and 1,630 Rhode Island State Plane tiles for the state were created Process_Step: Process_Description: Eighty Eight (88) photo identifiable control locations were selected and surveyed to adequately cover the entire state. Details of each point can be found in the full control report. Accuracies of 10cm or better (horizontally and vertically) were required. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: None Process_Date: 2011 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: CONT Process_Step: Process_Description: New digital aerial imagery was obtained in the spring of 2011 using a large format Z/I Digital Mapping Camera system (DMC) equipped with Airborne GPS/IMU. A total of 52 flight lines with 6,072 frames were collected in multispectral (RGB and NIR) 8 bits per band format. The imagery was acquired with a 4.7244" (120 m/m) focal length at an altitude of 5,000' above mean terrain, to yield a raw pixel resolution of 6" (.15m) suitable for photogrammetric mapping and orthophoto production. The imagery was collected during leaf off conditions in the spring of 2011 under conditions free from clouds and cloud shadows, smoke, fog, haze, light streaks, snow, ice on water bodies, foliage, flooding, and excessive soil moisture. The sun angle threshold was 35 degrees. The imagery consisted of panchromatic, blue, green, red and near infrared bands. The three color bands and near infrared bands were pan sharpened and archived as frame imagery. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: None Process_Date: 2011 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: IMG1 Process_Step: Process_Description: Imagery and AGPS/IMU data is downloaded from the hard drive on the plane to the hard drive on the ground. AGPS/IMU mission data is processed together with continuously collected ground-based CORS GPS base station data in forward and reverse directions. This precisely determines the aerial camera's position and orientation in the terrain (project) coordinate system and allows for correct orientation of the imagery. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: None Process_Date: 2011 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: EOFILE Process_Step: Process_Description: A .sup file was created for every raw non-orthorectified image frame using BAE Systems Socet Set Photogrammetric software version 5.6. A Socet project was created and referenced to the Rhode Island State Plane Coordinate System NAD 83 horizontal datum and the NAVD 88 vertical datum. The BINGO Frame import module was used to import aerotriangulation (ATSOL) data for each frame and a corresponding .sup file was created. The .sup files were used for direct loading of the raw non-orthorectified image frames into ERDAS Stereo Analyst Extension for ArcGIS Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: IMG1, ATSOL Process_Date: 2011 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: StereoIMG Process_Step: Process_Description: The rectification process required as input a digital elevation model (LiDAR_DEM), imagery (IMG1) and soft copy aerotriangulation solution (ATSOL). The orthorectified imagery was produced using Intergraph Orthopro software. It used ImageStation Photogrammetric Manager (ISPM) for photogrammetry project setup, file management, and importing triangulation data from a user defined ASCII file (ATSOL). The ortho project records all the operations, including all the parameters that are defined through the OrthoPro workflow, such as the project area coordinates, pixel size, rotation angle, ISPM project and its unorthorectified source images, product areas (TLDEF) orthorectification settings, seamlines and so on. The results are single frame images that have yet to be mosaicked into manageable tiled orthos. The single frame orthos were checked for accuracy against the surveyed ground control before further image editing. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: IMG1, LiDAR_DEM, ATSOL Process_Date: 2011 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: OIMG1 Process_Step: Process_Description: Orthorectified imagery was mosaicked, locally color-balanced and cut to the tile definition boundaries (TLDEF) using Intergraph Orthopro software. Tiled orthophotos then went through a rigorous manual QC process to evaluate for remaining hotspots (sun reflectance over water), tone quality, color balance and the feathering area along seamlines. Any imperfections at this point were manually edited. The tiled images were then converted from UTM projection to state plane projection and cut to the state plane tile layout and saved to the required file format (GeoTIF and JPEG2000 (10:1 compression ratio)), then transferred to external hard drives for delivery to the state. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: OIMG1, TLDEF Process_Date: 2011 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: OIMGTILE Process_Step: Process_Description: Data contributed to RIGIS by the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management. Metadata reviewed and nominally updated with a local point of contact, access and use constraints, and RIGIS distribution information. Process_Date: 20111219 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: University of Rhode Island Environmental Data Center Contact_Person: Greg Bonynge Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 1 Greenhouse Road City: Kingston State_or_Province: RI Postal_Code: 02881 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 401-874-2180 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: greg@edc.uri.edu Contact_Instructions: email preferred Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Pixel Row_Count: 10000 Column_Count: 10000 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: State Plane Coordinate System 1983 State_Plane_Coordinate_System: SPCS_Zone_Identifier: 3800 Rhode Island Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.99999375 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -71.5 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 41.08333333333334 False_Easting: 328083.333333333 False_Northing: 0.000000 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.5 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.5 Planar_Distance_Units: survey feet Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: These digital orthophotos are composed of 4 bands or channels of information. Each band comprises a grid of pixels containing digital numbers ranging from 0-255, and representing colors in the red, green, blue (RGB) or near infrared (NIR) portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: None Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: University of Rhode Island Environmental Data Center Contact_Person: Erica Tefft Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 1 Greenhouse Road City: Kingston State_or_Province: RI Postal_Code: 02881 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 401-874-5054 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: erica@edc.uri.edu Contact_Instructions: email preferred Distribution_Liability: This dataset is provided 'as is.' The producer(s) of this dataset, contributors to this dataset, the Rhode Island Geographic Information System (RIGIS) consortium, the State of Rhode Island, and the University of Rhode Island do not make any warranties of any kind for this dataset, and are not liable for any loss or damage however and whenever caused by any use of this dataset. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Esri shapefile File_Decompression_Technique: ZIP Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://www.rigis.org Fees: No fee for downloading directly from the RIGIS Data Distribution System located at http://www.rigis.org. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20110831 Metadata_Review_Date: 20150910 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Pat Emmitt Contact_Organization: United States Geological Survey Contact_Position: Commercial Partnerships Team MS-666 Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 1400 Independence Road City: Rolla State_or_Province: MO Postal_Code: 65401 Country: U.S. Contact_Voice_Telephone: 573-308-3587 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 573-308-3810 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: e-mail: pemmett@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: 0800-1700 M-F EST Contact_Instructions: Email is preferred. Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC CSDGM Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998